Infuse the sugar with lemon zest. In a small bowl, combine the sugar and lemon zest. Stir together until the sugar is fragrant and slightly moist. Set aside to allow the lemon flavor to infuse.
Mix the wet ingredients. In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the eggs, milk, and oil. (I like to use a mix of olive oil and avocado oil—fill a measuring cup with olive oil up to the ¼ cup mark, then top off with avocado oil until it reaches 1 cup total.) Add the sourdough starter and whisk until the mixture is fully combined and smooth.
Add the lemon sugar. Stir the lemon-infused sugar into the wet mixture and whisk until incorporated.
Sift and mix the dry ingredients. Sift in half of the flour and whisk gently. Then sift in the remaining flour, baking powder, and salt. Stir until just combined—do not overmix, as that can create a tough muffin texture.
Rest the batter. Cover the bowl tightly with plastic wrap or a lid and refrigerate the batter overnight (or at least 1 hour). This resting period improves rise and texture. You can bake right away if needed, but chilling is recommended for best results.
Preheat and prepare pans. When ready to bake, preheat your oven:350°F (175°C) for a convection or fan-assisted oven425°F (218°C) for a conventional oven (you’ll reduce the temperature partway through baking). Line your muffin tin with paper liners or grease well. Add baking soda and raspberries. Sprinkle the baking soda evenly over the chilled batter and gently fold it in. Tear the raspberries into halves or quarters and gently fold them into the batter, being careful not to crush them too much.
Fill and top the muffins. Spoon the batter into the prepared muffin tin, filling each cup nearly to the top (leave about ¼ inch of space). If using streusel topping, sprinkle it generously over each muffin.
BakeConvection oven: Bake at 350°F for 20–25 minutes, or until the tops are golden and a toothpick comes out clean.Regular oven: Bake at 425°F for 5 minutes, then reduce the oven temperature to 350°F and bake for an additional 20–25 minutes. Cool and serve. Let muffins cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack. Enjoy warm! These are best the day they’re made but can be stored in a covered container at room temperature for 2–3 days.
Optional icing. If icing the muffins, wait until they are completely cool. Then drizzle the icing over the tops using a fork or spoon.